Typical model of an animal Cell:
Typical model of a Plant Cell:
Organelles in cells:
Cell Wall
o
Found in plant cells and bacteria
o
Surrounds the cell membrane
o
Rigid structures that maintain the shape, supports and
protects cells
o
Fully permeable
Cell Membrane
o
Partially/selectively permeable
Nucleus
o
Contains chromatins that control cell activities
o
Chromatin contain DNA, genetic material
o
DNA contains instructions for traits and characteristics and to
carry out the cell’s function
o
Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
Cytoplasm
o
Gel-like mixture
o
Surrounded by cell membrane
o
Contains organelles
Mitochondria
o
“Powerhouse” of the cell
o
Food we eat is transformed into energy (ATP) for the cell and
our bodies.
Endoplasmic reticulum
o
Involved in synthesis of proteins, fats and steroids (e.g.
cholesterol)
o
Transports materials around in cell.
o
Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
o
Rough type: ribosomes embedded in surface
o
Allows protein to assume correct form/shape
Ribosomes
o
Each cell contains thousands
o
Make/forms proteins using instructions from chromatin.
o
Found on ER and floating throughout the cell.
Golgi Bodies
o
Works closely with ER.
o
Processes and packages complex molecules like proteins an fat
by the cell.
o
Brings these products to the surface of the cell where they
can be secreted.
o
Other secretions include hormones, antibodies and enzymes.
Lysosomes
o
Contains digestive enzymes
o
Digests excess/worn-out organelles, food particles and engulf
bacteria or viruses.
o
Also helps repair worn-out plasma membrane
o
Provides sugars, amino acids, and bases which are the
foundation of macromolecules
o
Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes.
Vacuoles
o
Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion and water removal
(multi-purpose)
o
Animal cells- many vacuoles, small
o
Central, large vacuoles help plants maintain shape.
o
Food vacuoles are formed by phagocytosis.
o
Contractile vacuoles (formed in freshwater protists) pump
excess water out of the cell.
Chloroplast
o
Usually found in plant cells
o
Contains green chlorophyll
o
Where photosynthesis takes place
o
Converts light energy into chemical energy in glucose.
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